Food Test to Determine the Presence of Reducing Sugars and Non-Reducing Sugars Essay Example for Free

Food Test to Determine the Presence of Reducing Sugars and Non-Reducing Sugars Essay Mechanical assembly/Materials: Bunsen burner Solutions A, B, C, D, E, F and G (obscure) Measuring Syringes Stirring Rod Beakers Test tubes (7)plus holder and plate Copper sulfate arrangement (CuSO4) White dropping beam tripod stand and work - stopwatch Biuret? s arrangement Sodium Hydroxide arrangement (NaOH) (or Potassium Hydroxide arrangement) Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) Sodium Hydrogencarbonate (NaHCO3) Iodine Solution(I2) (or Potassium Iodide arrangement) Ethanol (C2H5OH) refined water (H2O) Test Method Reducing Sugars 2cm3 of arrangements A-G were put into isolated, marked test tubes utilizing separate estimating syringes. An equivalent volume (2cm3) of Benedict? s arrangement was then added to the arrangements in the test tubes. The cylinders were then tenderly shaken and set in a water shower until any conceivable change in shading was taken note. Perception Inference/Explanation A-transformed from a straightforward somewhat blue shading to purple. B-transformed from a somewhat blue shading to a yellow orange shading from the surface; center started turning green; at that point whole arrangement turned brilliant orange in shading. C-abandoned blue to a dim blue/purple. D-no response E-no response F-transformed from a somewhat blue shading to a yellow orange shading from the surface; center started turning green;then whole arrangement turned brilliant orange in shading. G-no response. Benedict? s arrangement contains copper sulfate. Decreasing Sugars diminish dissolvable blue copper sulfate, containing copper (II) particles (Cu2+) to insoluble red-earthy colored copper oxide containing copper (I). The last is viewed as a hasten. Along these lines, arrangements containing decreasing sugars were: B and F. Those not containing diminishing sugars were: A, C, D, E, and G. Test Method Observation Inference Nonreducing Sugars 2cm3 of arrangements A-G were set into isolated, marked test tubes utilizing separate estimating syringes. 1cm3 of Hydrochloric (HCl) corrosive was then added to thesolution in the test tubes. The test tubes were put into the water shower for one moment and were then killed with 2cm3 sodium hydrogencarbonate (NaHCO3). The Benedict? s test was then done (where an equivalent volume2cm3 - of Benedict? s arrangement was then added to the arrangements in the test tubes. The cylinders were then tenderly shaken and put in a water shower until any conceivab le change in shading was taken note. ). A-no response B-transformed from a pale blue shading to a yellow orange shading from the surface; center started turning green; at that point whole arrangement turned brilliant orange in shading. C-no response D-transformed from a pale blue colourto a yellow orange shading from the surface; center started turning green; at that point whole arrangement turned splendid orange in shading. E-no response F-transformed from a somewhat blue shading to a yellow orange shading from the surface; center started turning green; at that point whole arrangement turned splendid orange in shading. G transformed from a pale blue/purple shading to a yellow orange shading from the surface; center started turning green; at that point whole arrangement turned splendid orange in shading. A disaccharide can be hydrolyzed to its monosaccharide constituents by overflowing with weaken hydrochloric corrosive. Sucrose, for instance, is hydrolyzed to glucoseand fructose, the two of which are lessening sugars (and would give the diminishing sugar result with the Benedict? s test) 2cm3 of arrangements A-G were set into isolated, named test tubes utilizing separate estimating syringes. An equivalent volume (2cm3) of sodium hydroxide arrangement were added to the arrangements in the test tubes and blended. Around two drops of Copper Sulfate arrangement was included and blended. Perceptions were recorded. A-transformed from a dismal answer for a purple/lilac shading. B-no reactio C-transformed from a boring answer for a purple/lilac shading. D-no response E-no response, however arrangement E glided over the additional

Microsoft Outlook Express Free Essays

With the utilization of Microsoft Outlook Express, it will be simpler for business slanted people to remain on target one’s mail and the calendars for that matter.â The E-mail, for example, assumes a significant job in spanning individuals together.â In the field of business, it might assist people with sharing reports and records 24 hours every day, seven days per week with Microsoft Outlook Express highlights. We will compose a custom exposition test on Microsoft Outlook Express or then again any comparative subject just for you Request Now Discover records/sends quicker: Outlook makes mind of all the email received.â Search Folders or crucial envelopes incorporate perspectives on all messages match to the exact investigation measure, beside that, it lets you expediently split huge messages from those you want to ignore. In this way, search organizers too ensign priority messages first, so as not to sit around idly in erasing and perusing messages you don't need/anticipate. Further, it likewise isolates out the vast majority of garbage sends to an alternate organizer, un-jumbling the inbox. Notwithstanding that, working disconnected makes one utilize an email account through Microsoft Exchange Server; can work disconnected while away from the workplace or if net connection is excessively drowsy. Viewpoint at that point attempts to interface with the server when wanted to or when picked to do as such in the â€Å"Send/Receive† thing.  Moreover, business contact supervisor include coordinates with Outlook, transforming the location book into a powerful doohickey that can make, track, and control your business partners, potential customers and different opportunities.â With every one of these highlights, it is apparent that Microsoft Outlook makes business easier.â without hassle and adequate overseeing of records through this product benefits any calling, at that. Step by step instructions to refer to Microsoft Outlook Express, Essay models

Blog Archive Mission Admission Deciding How Many Schools to Target

Blog Archive Mission Admission Deciding How Many Schools to Target Mission Admission is a series of MBA admission tips; a new one is posted each Tuesday. These days, as candidates consider their strategies for Round 2 of the MBA application cycle, many have a logical question in mind:  To how many business schools should I apply?  The answer, of course, varies dramatically from applicant to applicant, but the golden rule is that you should only apply to an MBA program if you have enough time to make your application the best it can be. So, if you have time to “perfect” only three applications, then you should focus on applying to just three schoolsâ€"and  not  consider submitting five average applications. In terms of a target numberâ€"assuming that time is not a factor and you can commit yourself to all of your applicationsâ€"five or six is generally optimal. With five or six applications, you can apply to a mix of reach, competitive and safe schools and can thereby truly cover your bases. Of course, each applicant has his or her own risk profile and timing to consider, but for most candidates, applying to too few schools can increase the risk of not being admitted, while applying to too many can be overkill. Share ThisTweet Mission Admission Blog Archive Mission Admission Deciding How Many Schools to Target Mission Admission is a series of MBA admission tips; a new one is posted each Tuesday. These days, as candidates consider their strategies for Round 2 of the MBA application cycle, many have a logical question in mind:  To how many business schools should I apply?  The answer, of course, varies dramatically from applicant to applicant, but the golden rule is that you should only apply to an MBA program if you have enough time to make your application the best it can be. So, if you have time to “perfect” only three applications, you should focus on applying to just three schoolsâ€"and  not  consider submitting five “average” applications. In terms of a target numberâ€"assuming that time is not a factor and you can commit yourself to all of your applicationsâ€"five or six is generally optimal. With five or six applications, you can apply to a mix of reach, competitive, and safe schoolsâ€"and can thereby truly cover your bases. Of course, each applicant has his/her own risk profile and timing to consider, but for most candidates, applying to too few schools can increase the risk of not being admitted, while applying to too many can be overkill. Share ThisTweet Mission Admission

Scarlet Letter Rough Draft The Romantic Element Of...

Kenneth Pak Mrs. Rocha AmLit Honors 4 7 October 2014 Scarlet Letter Rough Draft The Romantic era, occurring roughly from the early to mid 1800’s, was the period of reformation that shaped the society into one that valued latitude over order; this contrasted from the rigid, legalistic Puritan society that had been prevalent prior to the Romantic era. Through the newfound freedom of expression that was introduced during this period, many literary pieces that reflected these ideas began to surface. Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter and James Russell Lowell’s The First Snowfall exemplify the romantic element of reverence for nature through the depiction of a placating snowfall and the isolating outskirts of society; these enhance the themes of romanticism by suggesting that reverence for nature may liberate one from his/her nostalgic griefs and suppressed emotions. In The First Snowfall, Lowell demonstrates the Romantic element of reverence for nature through the descriptions and dialogue of the snowfall’s restoring nature, implying that the snowfall can subdue the narrator’s pain and usher him to move on. Reverence for nature is the romantic belief that God resides and works through nature, providing it with an authority over the individual. The First Snowfall recounts the father’s memories of his past heartbreaks regarding his dead, first-born daughter. As the father observes the snowfall, he narrates that â€Å"[t]he stiff rails were softened to swan’s-down, / [a]nd still

Teenage Abortion Essay examples - 1177 Words

Teenage Women, Abortion and Law Abortion has always been a very controversial issue. This can be due to the fact that people have different beliefs that are emphasized by their own religion and set of moral values. Many people believe that abortion is wrong, but they believe that is it only wrong under certain circumstances. This could be true, but is it more right to kill for a specific reason than to just do it because you made an irresponsible decision? Because of the wide spectrum of religion and various moral beliefs, there will never be a right or wrong answer to abortion. Fact: Each year, one million American teenagers become pregnant, and 85% of these pregnancies are unintended. Four in every five Americans begin having†¦show more content†¦New slide Many states have enacted, or are considering, laws that restrict teenagers access to abortion by requiring parental involvement in the abortion decision. Such laws include: „X Parental notification laws that require medical personnel to notify a minors parent(s) of her intention to obtain an abortion; „X Parental consent laws that require medical personnel to obtain written permission from the parent(s) before performing an abortion; „X Almost all of the parental notification and consent laws have judicial bypass options that allow a teen who feels she cannot involve her parent(s) to get a judges permission to proceed with her abortion. Some states allow a professional counseling instead of parental involvement. Fact: Restrictive abortion laws may worsen family communication rather than promote it. Abortion providers encourage teenagers to tell a parent or another important family member about their plans, and most teens do. Even without state laws, one or both parents of 61% of minors know about their daughters abortions. The younger the teen, the higher the likelihood that she has told her mother about the situation. Those young women who do not or cannot tell their parents, however, often have important reasons such as a family history of alcoholism, emotional or physical abuse, or incest. To involve such parents could invite further abuse of the teenager and other family members.Show MoreRelatedEssay on Teenage Abortion1132 Words   |  5 PagesThe subject of teenage abortion, is an emotionally charged one. The two major groups are completely opposite in their beliefs. Rather than discuss the emotional views of those groups, I have chosen to research, write, and conclude based on factual material, concerning teenage abortion. A discussion of abortion as a definition is explained medically, and in a small part the emotional effects on the participant. I have chosen to report in a factual not an emotional manner. The direct definitionRead More Teenage Abortion Essays1162 Words   |  5 Pages Teenage Women, Abortion and Law Abortion has always been a very controversial issue. This can be due to the fact that people have different beliefs that are emphasized by their own religion and set of moral values. Many people believe that abortion is wrong, but they believe that is it only wrong under certain circumstances. This could be true, but is it more right to kill for a specific reason than to just do it because you made an irresponsible decision? Because of the wide spectrum of religionRead MoreNegative Effects Of Teenage Abortion1503 Words   |  7 Pagesthe effects of Teenage Abortion? At a young age, we do not have much say on what we want. A teen mother has part of the saying on the decision she wants to take. She does not only worry about how her decisions will influence her life, but as well as her child. Teenagers always take on their decision making without understanding the effects on them and their lives. About a quarter of all teenage pregnancies in the U.S. end in abortion. 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When a woman gets raped, she experiences RapeRead MoreAbortion: Cause and Effect1552 Words   |  7 PagesThe Aftermath of an Abortion To have abortion or not is a very difficult choice to make. The final choice comes from religious and ethical beliefs. However, to have an abortion means to participate in a horrendous crime against humanity, God, and oneself. Abortion can also have deleterious effects on the mother’s health and well being. Many of the couples, mainly the mothers, that have an abortion tend to go into a state of depression known as Post-abortion syndrome. Negative effects on the mother’sRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?1165 Words   |  5 PagesOn January 22, 1973, the freedom of women to make the decision to have an abortion was deemed legal after the Roe v. Wade trial. (Stewart) Since this trial, many people have voiced their opinions about whether or not abortion should be legal. Though abortion is safe for mothers, painless for the fetus and allows women to wait for the right time to have a child, it is not always accessible to women. By making abortion more accessible and less judgment based, the amount of unwanted pregnancies will

The Renaissance Painter, Artist, And Poet Michelangelo s...

James Loggins Humanities 2210 Unit 2 Research Essay 24 October 2016 The Renaissance painter, sculptor, and poet Michelangelo is famous not only for his painting of the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel or his sculpture of the Biblical King David, but he also created another Biblical figure, the Hebrew Prophet Moses. The sculpture was commissioned by Pope Julius II, in an attempt to mirror his â€Å"larger than life† reputation and personality. Michelangelo’ Moses along with other pieces of sculpture and artwork were to be enshrined in the Pope’s planned resting place, with the Moses statue placed opposite of another figure of Saint Paul. However, it would never come to be, as the Moses sculpture would not be completed until more than 30 years after Pope Julius’ death in 1513. Pope Julius II had commissioned Michelangelo to paint the Sistine Chapel as well as build his entire tomb, but the chapel frescos occupied all of the painter’s time (Michelangelo-Gallery.com). 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What used to be a more moderate style turned intoRead MoreDefining The Terms Renaissance And Humanism854 Words   |  4 Pages1. Define the terms Renaissance and humanism. The New World Encyclopedia article â€Å"Renaissance† states the Renaissance featured scientific and artistic discoveries and transformations that propelled a cultural shift in Europe after the Middle Ages (2015). The New World Encyclopedia article â€Å"Humanism† indicates that Humanism primarily focuses on human being s place, potential, beauty, and so forth (2014). 2. Who were the Medici’s? 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Several new discoveries were made in the areas of science, and assumptions on the world and universe around them were expressed by philosophers. Many individuals had been gifted with artistic creativity and skill. The astonishing achievements of Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael are considered momentous to the Renaissance period. In this paper

Wwii 101 Police Bn Essay Research Paper free essay sample

( Wwii ) 101 Police Bn Essay, Research Paper The stunningly and powerful book Ordinary Men was written by Christopher R. Browning. Browning is a professor of History at the Pacific Lutheran University in Tacoma, Washington. He is a subscriber to Yad Vashem s official twenty-four-volume history of the Holocaust. Browning besides wrote many other books on this topic. His book Ordinary Men reveals the truth about how a unit of mean, middle-aged Germans became the inhuman liquidators of 10s of 1000s of Jews. Reich says, Browning Tells us how they were transformed psychologically from ordinary work forces to active participants in the most monstrous offense in history. In the wake of Germany s licking in World War I, a revolution broke out. The Order constabularies resulted from the 3rd effort in interwar Germany to make big Police formation with military preparation and equipment. As the ground forces dissolved, military officers and authorities functionaries who were afraid of being swept off by the revolution organized paramilitary units known as Freikorps. When the state of affairs became stable in 1919, the Freikorps work forces merged with regular constabulary into formation Stationss in barracks to battle farther revival. The Alliess demanded the disintegration of these constabularies units in 1920 as a misdemeanor of the clause of the Versailles Treaty that limited Germany s ground forces to 100,000 work forces. ( Remak 3 ) In 1933, after the constitution of the Nazi government a constabulary ground forces ( Armee der Landespolizei ) of 56,000 work forces was created. They were given full military preparation as portion of Germany s covert rearmament. In 1935, when Hitler openly defied the Versailles Treaty and reintroduced military muster, the constabulary ground forces was merged with the regular ground forces to supply commissioned and non-commissioned officers. As of 1942, 97 Generals in the German ground forces had served in the constabulary ground forces of 1933-35. ( Browning 4 ) Browning states the saving of big military formations within the constabulary had to expect the assignment of Heinrich Himmler, already caput of the SS as head of German constabulary in 1936, with legal power over all constabularies units in the Third Reich. The German constabulary where divided into two subdivisions, one being the Security Police ( Sicherheitspolizei ) with the Main Office of Reinhard Heydirch. Within the Security Police there was the Secret State Police ( Gestapo ) to battle political enemies and the Criminal Police ( Kripo ) which was a detective force. The 2nd subdivision was the Order Police with the Main Office under Kurt Daluege. Daluege besides commanded municipal constabulary ( Schupo ) and rural constabulary equivalent to county cavalryman ( Gendarmerie ) . By 1938 Daluege had over 62,000 work forces under his bid. The figure of police battalions expanded to 101 by mid 1940. The Order Police where rapidly an indispensable beginning of work force for keeping German-occupied Europe. ( Browning 6 ) Police Battalion 101 took over for Police Battalion 61 in the territory of Lublin. The Police Battalion s chief responsibility was to round up Polish and Russian Jewry. In September of 1939 Germany invaded Poland. Police Battalion 101 based in Hamburg was attached to a German Army group sent to Poland. In the Polish City of Kielce, they were involved in rounding up Polish soldiers and military equipment and guarding a captive of war cantonment. On December 17th 1939 they returned to Hamburg where a hundred or so Police work forces were transferred. To replace them, middle-aged reservist drafted in 1939 where brought in. In May of 1940 Battalion 101 was sent to Warthegau, Posen, and Lodz to transport out resettlement actions, a demographic strategy of Hitler and Himmler s to dwell them with racially pure Germans and extinguishing all Poles, Jews, and itinerants which were so called undesirables. The 101 Police Battalion evacuated 37 thousand people out of the targeted 58 1000. About 22 1000 escaped by flying. The Police Battalion rounded up all people without respect for whether or non they where old, ill, or kids. In many instances the old and ill were shot and killed at the aggregation point. At the discasing barracks the Order Police forced Jews to deprive bare, where they searched them for valuables. Browning says, In most exiles, the Jews were instructed to take a few personal properties with them, to give acceptance to the cover narrative of the relocation. ( Browning 39 ) After the strip hunt, the Jews were so allowed to set their underwears back on before they were marched to the train station. It was so, that they were packed into train autos like cowss. ( Browning 40 ) The Police Battalion so took them to labour cantonments and some were taken straight to gas Chamberss. In the labour camps the Judaic work forces worked long yearss for the Germans. Waking up hours before morning and traveling to bed hungry. These work forces were separated from their households, subsequently on happening out that their married woman and kids have been murdered. ( Langer 98 ) On July 11th 1942, Major Trapp of 101 Police Battalion received orders for their particular actions from SS and Police Leader Odilo Globocnik. They were to round 18,000 Jews in the metropolis of Jozefow. At this clip most of the male Jews of working age were to be sent to Globocnik s cantonment in Lubin. All of the adult females, kids, and elderly were to be executed. Major Trapp called up all the units stationed in nearby towns for support and assembled in Bilgoraj on July 12th. Major Trapp with his Company Commanders CPT. Hoffmann of Third Company, CPT. Wohlauf and Lt. Gnade of First and Second Company and gave them their orders for the following twenty-four hours. Major Trapp s helper 1st Lieutenant Hagen informed the staying battalion officers. Lt. Buchmann learned from Hagen about the inside informations of the pending particular action. At this clip Buchmann made it clear to Hagen, that as a Reserve Lieutenant He would in no instance take part in such an action, in which defenc eless adult females and kids are to be shot. ( Browning 56 ) He asked to be reassigned and Hagen arranged for him to escort the work Jews. Buchmann s Company CPT. Wohlauf was informed of Buchmann s reassignment, but was non told the ground for it. This was the first clip an officer of 101 modesty Police Battalion lost his military bearing. As the 101 Reserve Police Battalion laid in bed, they were non informed of what the following twenty-four hours actions would convey. Small did they know the following yearss a ctions would stay in their memory everlastingly. At 0200 hours they departed from Bilgoraj in trucks and arrived in Jozefow at dawn. Browning explains, Major Trapp assembled his work forces in a half-circle and so explained the Battalion s homicidal assignment and made his extraordinary offer: any of the older work forces who did non experience they could execute this undertaking could step out. A sum of 12 work forces stepped forward and turned in their rifles and anticipated future assignment. The assignments were ; two platoons were to environ the small town and changeable anyone who tried to get away. All the staying work forces were to round up the Jews and take them to the market place in the centre of town. The ill, the old, every bit good as babies and anyone seeking to get away were to be killed on the topographic point. ( Browning 57 ) Then the Jews were to be loaded on trucks and taken from the market topographic point to the wood to be killed. After doing the assignments Maj. Trap spent the remainder of the twenty-four hours in town non including himself in the assignment. As the unit of ammunition up was completed, first company was withdrawn. They were instructed by the company doctor on how to hit to do immediate decease. They were to repair their bayonets and put the point at the shoulders and utilize it as an taking usher. As the particular actions took topographic point a interruption down of coherence and loss military bearing took topographic point. Because of this executings went on until sun down. The violent death in Jozefow, Poland was the first and largest mass murdering committed by the Reserve 101 Police Battalion. The 101 Police Battalion subsequently were sent to many other different ghettos to execute aggregations and execute cultural cleaning. The 101 Police Battalion killed of 1000s of Jews. The ground why I choose this book is because of the present twenty-four hours state of affairs in Kosovo with the Serbs killing the cultural Albanians. The state of affairs in Kosovo reminds me of the German war against the Jews in WWII. This book shows how a group normal difficult working work forces of spiritual background, can slay anguish and kill off incapacitated people. The 101 Reserve Police Battalion can be compared to the National Guard or Army Reserve because they originally were non Active Duty soldiers. Before 1939 the work forces who served in Police Battalion had occupations outside military such as business communities, instructors, bankers, and merchandisers. After 1939 they were drafted and became apart of the military. These work forces were non career soldiers. This was apparent during the dislocation of coherence in their first major actions, during the extinction against the Jews in Europe. As clip went on went on and on, the 101 Police Battalion became callus. I think at first they had sympathy for the Jews, so they began to detest their occupation. They were forced to make things and see things they did non desire to. As the war dragged on work force became short and supplies became scarce ; being excused from this responsibility was no longer an option. The 101 Police Battalion had to pass yearss on the trains without nutrient and had to bare the same conditions as the hopeless souls the were guarding. These conditions both physically and mentally drained away the humanity of the 101 Police Battalion. In my sentiment, this is merely one of the many grounds where Hitler went incorrectly. First off, Hitler thought he was a military mastermind when he was non. I think he did non cognize how to run an ground forces. Hitler was more interested in personal glorification and opportunism, so be aftering out military triumphs. He had the best Generals and best trained soldiers. Hitler besides had some of the best scientific heads in the universe working for him. The Battle of Britain was perfect illustration of Hitler s deficiency of military focal point. At first he concentrated his air onslaughts on military marks, such as landing fields, radio detection and ranging sites, and munntion sites. Although his forces paid a heavy monetary value, the strangle clasp placed on England by the encirclement of U-boat Wolfpacks would hold brought England to its articulatio genuss by the terminal of the twelvemonth. But in revenge to English bombardment in German metropoliss, Hitler turned his attend ing off from military marks to English metropoliss. This giving the Royal Airforce clip to reorganize and reconstruct. ( Ryan 79 ) From a military point of position, Hitler wasted so much manpower, money, and clip killing off all the Jews around Europe. Hitler about had Europe on her articulatio genuss, but Hitler s errors caused him to free the war. Looking at the Holocaust from my ain eyes, I see it as one of the greatest losingss the universe has of all time known. Thousands of Jews died. They tried to get away and conceal in the wood, in cells, barns, and anyplace they could squash their organic structures into. Riech says, they were defenseless, bare, keeping on to their kids, stuffed into cattle autos, and shooting in firing lines. By the center of March in 1942, 25 per centum of the victims of the Holocaust had perished, prior to the 101 Police Battalions reaching in Jozefow, Poland. Merely six months subsequently, that figure had reached 80 per centum, go forthing less than a one-fourth alive. ( Reich 2 ) . By March 1942, despite two and a half old ages of persecution and want, every major Jewish community was still integral. Eleven months subsequently, merely the leftovers survived in few ghettos and labour cantonments. The German onslaught on the Jews in Poland was carried out in a monolithic Blitzkrieg offense. The violative came when the German war attempt in Russia hung in the balance. If the military offense was a failure, the Blitzkrieg particularly in Poland against the Jews was non. The Jews they killed are human existences like you and I. I believe we are all equal and those who kill because of different faith colour, or race is cold. Hitler thought killing all the Jews in Europe would be the concluding solution, Hitler was incorrect. Plants Cited Browning, Christopher R. Orindary Men. New York: Harpists Collins Publisher, 1992. Langer, Lawerence L. Holocaust Testimonies. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1991. Reich, Walter. The Men Who Pulled The Triggers. New York Timess Book Review. 12 Apr. 1992: 7p. Remack, Joachim. The Origins of the Second World War. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc, 1976. Roth, Berenbaum, Michael. Holocaust. New York: Paragon House, 1989. Ryan, Bailey. Hitler v. Roosevelt. New York: The Free Press, 1979.